The crystallizer must be powered by a furnace heater. The single output slot means that only one type of reduced chunks can be processed at a time. The downside to this is that it is difficult to automate as pipes will only place chunks into the first slot until that one is full before it begins to fill the next one so players must manually distribute the reduced chunks. This means that a player can manually distribute reduced chunks throughout the 5 remaining slots to make it process 5 reduced chunks in one cycle. The crystallizer has 6 input slots and a single output slot. The crystallizer requires sulfuric acid for it to operate. There is a 150% chance of producing the crystalline metal. The next step is to place the reduced chunks in a crystallizer to produce crystalline metal.It should be noted that clean silver chunks has a 160% chance of producing reduced lead chunks and a 110% chance of producing reduced silver chunks. The slag furnace has a 142% chance of producing reduced metal chunks. The clean chunks are then smelted in a slag furnace to produce reduced chunks.The sludge can be placed in a mixer with one dirt block and a water bucket to produce clay and an empty bucket. To automate the mixer is fairly difficult with Buildcraft pipes but somewhat easier with RedPower 2 tubes if the player knows how to use it because the used water buckets must be replaced. Dirty metal gravel can be placed in the mixer with a water bucket to produce clean metal chunks at a 1:1 ratio, an empty bucket, and sludge.Silver ore will produce dirty galena chunks that can not be processed by a slag furnace. This means that approximately 1.98 ingots will be produced from one ore (140%*142%). The slag furnace has a 142% chance of producing ingots and a 20% chance of producing dirt. The process can be stopped here using the slag furnace. It produces has a 140% chance of producing dirty metal gravel from one ore.
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Factorization is much more complex, considerably slower, and not as beginner friendly. Machines from the factorization mod can be used in place of the IC2 machines. Other recipes yield better resuts with mercury and sodium persulfate cells instead of water. The grinder requires electricity and water with some recipes requiring mercury cells and sodium persulfate cells. The ratios of ores to ingots varies and several ores produce dusts from additional bars.
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GregTech also provides its own automation system. Because the industrial grinder produces multiple outputs and its optimal inputs can change depending on the ore being processed, it is much harder to fully automate it. GregTech also provides new ores and the industrial grinder. This converts ores to ingots at a 1:2 ratio using electricity that can be generated from a number of resources. The macerator converts each piece of metal ore into two pieces of metal dust. The IC2 ore processor is very simple to build and the automation difficulty is only moderate. The most common build consists of a macerator and an electric furnace from the IndustrialCraft 2 mod.